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Simple Book Helps Adult Men Answer Pressing Question: 'Where Does Your Penis Belong?'

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After a devastating hurricane season and vague threats of nuclear war, a number of men piled heaps of refuse onto the dumpster fire that has been 2017 as the public learned about an epidemic of sexual misconduct.

The stories have spanned coastlines. Former super-producer Harvey Weinstein is said to have raped, assaulted and harassed dozens of women in the entertainment industry. Some 300 women say director James Toback has done things like masturbate in front of them without consent. Former Rep. John Conyers (D-Mich.) reportedly encouraged a woman to touch his groin. The accused stand in depressingly good company: Kevin Spacey, Al Franken, Glenn Thrush, Mark Halperin, Charlie Rose, Ed Westwick, Danny Masterson, Mario Batali and more.

Shortly after “King of Comedy” Louie C.K. joined their ranks for masturbating in front of women without their consent, writer Ashley Simon hatched an idea that would become the common-decency instruction manual Where Does Your Penis Belong?, a primer for men that was released this week.

“Do we need to go back to 101 behavior here?” Simon jokingly wondered over dinner with friends, who later encouraged the project. She was also spurred on by victim-blaming responses to the women who shared their experiences.

“I was grossed out by the insinuation that women should know not to go into these hotel rooms, as if it’s on you to know that someone’s going to expose themselves without your consent and in a professional situation,” Simon told HuffPost. 

In the book, priced at $24.99, a series of prompts allows readers to absorb a message through repetition: Whether it be in the office or on the train, one’s penis should stay in one’s pants. 

Profits will be donated to RAINN, the sexual violence prevention organization.

Billed as “A Children’s Book for Grown-Ass Men,” the collaborative project from Simon, illustrator Allison Gore and web designer Isla Murrayis available through Blurb, the self-publishing platform. Response has been enthusiastic, Simon said, with about 100 copies sold in the first few hours of the book’s release and a stream of supportive tweets.

A website for Where Does Your Penis Belong? explains that the book had been “a therapeutic exercise” for the three women, who felt “a desperate need for some comedic relief in the wake of so much trauma and outrage.”

At the bottom of the site, visitors can even input Twitter handles of men they believe might benefit from the educational message contained in Where Does Your Penis Belong? A tweet including a link to the book is then sent to the men anonymously.

While the book may not be a complete antidote to widespread sexual misconduct, its authors “hope it’s a therapeutic read for many others,” they state, concluding, “Long live pants.”


No Need To Dress For Dinner At This Parisian Restaurant For Nudists

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Paris’ hottest new restaurant is attracting lots of attention from patrons who like to have a little skin in the game.

It’s called O’Naturel, and it caters to nudists who care more about fine food than fine clothing. 

  • GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT via Getty Images
    The restaurant holds about 40 diners per seating, each of whom has to disrobe in what Fox News calls an “everything-check room” before sitting at their tables.
  • GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT via Getty Images
    To avoid lookie-loos, the restaurant is on a residential street away from tourist hot spots, according to LonelyPlanet.com.
  • GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT via Getty Images
    In addition, the curtains are kept closed and there’s an interior blackout curtain to ensure diners’ privacy when the door opens.
  • GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT via Getty Images
    So far, nudists are enjoying the naked dining, though Yves Leclerc, president of the French Naturist Federation, admitted that going buff in a bistro was “a little surreal,” according to TheWeek.co.uk.
  • GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT via Getty Images
    Still, Leclerc is excited to bare all in the City of Light. “It's like when we're on holiday, but it's even better,” he said.
  • GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT via Getty Images
    There are some rules: No phones or cameras in the dining area, and no exhibitionism or disrespectful sexual behavior. 
  • GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT via Getty Images
    Oh, and the waiters and cooks must remained dressed at all times, according to ABC News.
  • GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT via Getty Images
    The menu features bistro classics, including foie gras, lobster, snails, lamb and scallops. A three-course dinner costs around $58.
  • GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT via Getty Images
    O’Naturel is the brainchild of twin brothers Mike and Stephane Saada, who were inspired by other naked restaurants around the world.
  • GEOFFROY VAN DER HASSELT via Getty Images
    Although some might think being naked at a restaurant would be titillating, Mike Saada insists to Agence France-Presse, “Nudity doesn’t have to mean sexuality.”
Also on HuffPost
100 Naked Women

The Obsession With Virginity Messed Up Our Definition Of Sex

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There are many reasonable questions to ask before having sex with someone: whether that person has been tested, if they want to have sex, what they are into.

How many people they've slept with is not one of them.

Not only is this question invasive, but it is also loaded with assumptions about socially acceptable expressions of sexuality. Not surprisingly, these assumptions ultimately judge women more harshly than men.

You know the double standard that men who have sex are studs and women who do the same thing are sluts? That's the logic at play here. The person asking wants to know how to quantify someone's sexual experience and therefore determine their sexual worth and value.


Their "number" is none of your business

A loaded question necessitates a loaded answer: someone's number is either deemed too low (inexperienced i.e. incompetent) or too high (slutty i.e. "un-dateable.") But too low or too high in comparison to what exactly? Everyone has a different number they consider to be a "normal" amount of sexual partners, as well as different relationships with sex and intimacy. So we should not be asking what is normal, but rather whodecides what counts as "normal."

Unfortunately, normality seems to be prescribed by women's magazines, unreliable polling and outdated social expectations.

Comparing numbers is a common way to figure out if you are "advancing" at the same rate as your friends. This unhealthy dynamic plays out both in real life and onscreen in television and film, from Friends to Sex and the City to the movie literally titled What's Your Number? A "normal" number is usually based on an average, and the problem with averages is that they exclude and stigmatize outliers on both ends of the spectrum. Those with very few sexual partners end up feeling equally condemned as those who are slut shamed for having many.


What is virginity, anyway?

The question may seem straightforward, and its logic awful in an equally straightforward way. It is no surprise, then, that plenty of people agree that the number does not matter or define who you are. However, if you really think about it, the number is not only irrelevant, but the question itself is illogical. Its premise is pure bullshit. In order to answer the question, both parties must be in agreement about what constitutes sex.

The way that society defines "sex" is usually quite narrow and heteronormative. Sex usually refers to sexual intercourse, or penis-in-vagina penetration, between a man and a woman. This definition is bound up in a patriarchal obsession with virginity.Since a hymen is not a measure of virginity (because, science), virginity is actually a social construct grounded in heterosexuality and religious traditions that value women as little more than property and child-bearers. This centuries-old emphasis on sex as strictly for baby-making and not for pleasure results in non-procreative sex, such as oral and anal, coming with qualifiers.

Accepting the concept of virginity implies that non-heterosexual sex, or sex acts besides penis-in-vagina penetration, do not "count" or are not considered "real" sex. By this logic, people not having this type of sex are technically considered virgins, discounting a wide range of LGBTQ sexuality.

It makes no sense that having "sex" constitutes a notch in your bedpost, but oral sex does not, even though both are extremely intimate. In this respect, your "number" is not even an accurate representation of sexual experience. If we assume that the question is valid in its aim to establish someone's sexual prowess, the operative definition of sex prevents any answer that is truly representative of someone's sexual history.

By asking someone's number, you miss out on the important questions.

For example, a person who has only had one long term relationship could easily have had sex dozens of times more than someone who has had a handful of one night stands. Similarly, someone who has done "everything but" multiple times is more experienced than someone who has had sex once. Not only does "what's your number" further sexist stereotypes, but it does not even provide an accurate answer to the question really being asked: how experienced are you?


Sex is not a numbers game

Focusing on a singular type of sex can cheapen the significance of relationships or sexual experiences that occur outside of these narrow parameters. Some of my more memorable and meaningful relationships have been with people with whom I did not have traditional sex. Hell, some of my best sexual experiences and discoveries have been all by myself. Turning sex into a numbers game automatically makes it a competition, complete with winners and losers. "Stats" tell you nothing about who someone is as a sexual partner or as a person.

More from HuffPost Canada:

By asking someone's number, you miss out on the important questions: if they are in touch with their sexuality, whether they are a communicative and respectful partner, how comfortable they are with fulfilling your desires. Sexuality is not quantifiable, so why bother counting?

This article was originally published on Bellesa.

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25-Year-Old Mom Gives Birth To Baby From Embryo Frozen In 1992

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Age really is just a number for Emma Wren Gibson.

She was born on Nov. 25, but from an embryo that was frozen on Oct. 14, 1992.

Carol Sommerfelt, embryology lab director at the National Embryo Donation Center, thawed out the “Emma-bryo” on March 13. 

New mother Tina Gibson admits being shocked when she discovered she’d be carrying an egg about as old as she is.

“Do you realize I’m only 25? This embryo and I could have been best friends,” Gibson told CNN when Emma was born.

Little Emma is believed to be the oldest known frozen embryo that came to successful birth, beating the previous record holder, who was 20 years old at the time of birth.

But Tina Gibson, who has turned 26 since the birth, has other priorities than world records.

“I just wanted a baby. I don’t care if it’s a world record or not,” she told CNN.

Tina and husband Benjamin live in eastern Tennessee and got their fully fertilized embryo from the National Embryo Donation Center in Knoxville.

It’s a faith-based organization that helps wannabe parents by supplying frozen embryos that won’t be used by their genetic parents, according to WBIR-TV.

So far, the NEDC has enabled nearly 700 pregnancies, including Tina Gibson’s.

“Emma is such a sweet miracle,” Benjamin Gibson told the station. “I think she looks pretty perfect to have been frozen all those years ago.”

Dr. Jeffrey Keenan, who performed the embryo transfer, hopes the story inspires parents who might be saving embryos to donate to the cause.

“We hope this story is a clarion call to all couples who have embryos in long-term storage to consider this life-affirming option for their embryos,” he said in a news release.

Also on HuffPost
Babies Dressed As Old People

I Tried To Keep Track Of Every Time I Felt Guilt About Eating For A Week

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There are two types of people in this world: Those who eat to live, and those who live to eat.

With the exception of my grandmother (more on that later), I prefer to keep the company of those who, like me, fall in the latter camp. Do not ask me to travel with you if your plans are not centered on meals. Do not invite me to a party where there will not be a cheese plate, because I will not come to a party where there are no cheese plates.

And yet my relationship with food has been, in large part, consistently dysfunctional. Call it a product of having a mother who was restricted by her mother and who in turn felt the need to never restrict me. Call it a product of growing up surrounded only by women. Call it genetics. Whatever its origin, I, like many people, specifically women, have a really distorted view when it comes to food and my body. 

I was overweight throughout my entire childhood and continue to struggle with my weight in adulthood. Despite the fact that I’ve grown into a person who actually enjoys staying in shape ― I ran my first half marathon in October ― and despite the fact that my job over the past four years has kept me focused on the importance of self-acceptance, body diversity and loving the skin you’re in, I am constantly struggling with a longing need to be thinner.

Most days, I feel like a complete hypocrite. 

For me, negative connotations with food ― when compounded by feeling bad about having negative connotations with food ― make eating way less enjoyable. In an effort to take back my meal times, I recently decided to perform an experiment: I’d go about my week like I normally do but keep track of every time I felt guilty about the things I was eating. 

At least I tried to. Until I realized very early on in the week that when it comes to what I do ― or do not ― put in my body, there is always some level of guilt or frustration. And that guilt usually has very little to do with food and much more with my relationship with myself and my body.

My company provides free lunch and snacks to its employees (I know, I know). And I have, without realizing it, been stopping myself from destroying the peanut M&Ms, a food I would consider to be “bad,” at my disposal. I have literally not allowed myself the sheer joy of company-provided peanut M&Ms, mostly sticking to the “good” fruits and same salad for lunch every day out of an irrational fear that at the mere taste of one morsel I’ll throw all caution to the wind, stop exercising forever and eat myself to death.

That feeling can be a bit isolating, but all I have to do is poll a group of female friends to know that I am so not alone. Weight loss is a $60 billion industry that spans diet programs, books and food (to name a few). Add to that the imagery of thinness equating beauty we see reflected back at us in media and it’s no wonder so many women ― three out of four of American women, according to a 2008 survey ― engage in some form of disordered eating. 

The snack sitch at work.

I shared those fears in not quite so many extreme terms with Dr. Ashley Solomon, executive clinical director of the Eating Recovery Center in Ohio, who challenged me to think back on all the times I’d felt like I did something “wrong” or “bad” when it came to eating and/or working out. 

“If you think about your relationship with your body as being similar to any other relationship that you have, the way you build a relationship is you’re able to show each other over time that you can be relied on,” Solomon said. “With a friend, I might have forgotten to call you one night, but you know I’ll talk to you next week or whenever ― it’s not like I’m suddenly never going to call you again.”

How does that relate to having more faith in your body? “If you think about it that way, of having that trust in your body, the best thing you can do is build on that experience,” she said. “OK, you didn’t work out yesterday, but you will today. Then next week, when you’re thinking back on it, you can look back and build on that experience. But if we are anxious every time and get ourselves really concerned, then it undermines that trust.” 

I could have used those words of wisdom at the movies with my grandmother, a woman so consumed with her own weight (and mine) that she prefers to ingest cigarettes than sit-down dinners. I wanted popcorn and a soda, and despite thinking naively that I had no qualms about that, neither of us could shut up about who had eaten more of the popcorn or about how we “shouldn’t have eaten it.”

Can you smell the deep-rooted family issues masked with artificial butter from there?

I’ve long preached to friends and family how problematic it is to call food or our behavior surrounding food “good” and “bad.” And, yet again, I have trouble practicing what I preach. Solomon said perhaps that might not be the best approach.

“What our research tells us is that we can’t necessarily eliminate thoughts,” she said. “It’s like if you say, ‘Don’t think of a purple elephant,’ that’s the first thing you’re going to think of. It’s useless to say don’t think of food as bad or good, but it’s more about noticing it, starting to become aware of what it sounds like and giving it attention. If we start to much more subtly bring kindness and awareness to some of those processes and just sort of being gentle with our experiences, we can bring to our attention how our mind is working so it’s not automatic and compulsive.”

So, then, it seemed like my little experiment was actually a good idea. Acknowledging that there is guilt is OK, but giving yourself a break and coming from a positive place can help shift the behavior and hopefully, eventually, the attitude toward food in general. 

I ate a cheeseburger last night and felt “better” about it after I worked out this morning ― another behavior that comes naturally to me. Solomon says that we have to “undo” feeling that we can’t just have enjoyment ― in the form of cheeseburgers or otherwise ― without earning it. And I still feel like I’ve accomplished something every time I walk by those M&Ms without taking a handful. It’s not a perfect fix, but in noticing the patterns, perhaps there is a chance for change. 

And, just for the record, if you’re feeling any kind of way about food, remember you’re not alone. “It’s a rare person who can say they have a totally healthy relationship with food,” Solomon said. “It’s an evolution and a process.” 

 

 

For additional information about Eating Recovery Center, call 877-789-5758, email info@eatingrecoverycenter.com or visit eatingrecoverycenter.com to speak with a masters-level clinician.

Also on HuffPost
#DropTheTowel Body Positive Campaign

Dustin Hoffman Accusers Speak Out About Alleged Abuse In Joint NBC Interview

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Three women who have accused Dustin Hoffman of sexual misconduct are amplifying their voices.

Cori Thomas, Anna Graham Hunter and actress Kathryn Rossetter appeared in a joint interview on NBC Nightly News on Monday in which they shared their stories of Hoffman’s alleged predatory behavior and abuse of power.

“As hard as it is, I think that I wanted to choose truth over shame,” said Thomas, who claims that Hoffman exposed himself to her when she was 16.

According to Thomas, in 1980 she spent one of “the greatest days of [her] life” with the actor and one of his daughters, who was her friend. Things took a stark turn when Thomas was left alone with Hoffman later that day while waiting for her parents to pick her up. She said the actor came out of the bathroom with a towel wrapped around his waist and then dropped it.

“I had never seen a man naked in my life at this point,” she told NBC.

Hoffman then allegedly asked her for a foot massage and kept telling her, “You know I’m naked.”

Hunter, who came forward with accusations against Hoffman in November, said the actor sexually harassed her on the set of his 1985 TV adaptation of “Death of a Salesman” when she was a 17-year-old intern.

She said that Hoffman groped and humiliated her. According to Hunter, one morning Hoffman gave her an offensive and vulgar breakfast order in front of others.

“And he just stared at me and everyone burst out laughing,” she said.

She then went to the bathroom and cried.

Rossetter acted alongside Hoffman in “Death of a Salesman” on Broadway in 1984. She said he continually harassed and assaulted her throughout the production’s run. In one disturbing instance, Rossetter said that Hoffman tried to penetrate her with his fingers backstage.

“I was told to suck it up,” Rossetter told NBC. “He was the most famous actor in the world — it was the top of his career. I was a nobody. No one was going to believe me.”

She added:

People go, “How is it to work with Dustin?” And I tell the half-truth, which is, as an actor working with him, I owe him everything. I learned so much. And then I would stop and there would always be a knot in my stomach about what the real truth was, which is he was abusive and he was a bully.

According to NBC, Hoffman declined to comment on the joint interview. In November, he apologized to Hunter, telling the Hollywood Reporter, “I am sorry. It is not reflective of who I am.”

Hoffman’s attorney has denied Thomas’ claim. He also denied assault allegations made by Melissa Kester and an anonymous woman, other accusers who did not appear on NBC. The attorney called their stories “defamatory falsehoods.”

 

Get Into The Santa Hat Trend Makeup Lovers Are Raving About

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After the onslaught of makeup designs for Halloween, the new holiday season welcomes a more festive batch of looks.

This season's trend features different variations of Santa Claus being placed on the eyebrow. From dyeing your brows, to that famous red and white hat being elaborately drawn on, makeup lovers are raving about this trend.

This month has brought out the festive creative in all of us. The looks vary from Jeffree Star's green wig in his holiday makeup tutorial, neon electric winged liners from Shaniah Bell, Christmas tree brows, bauble brows, the candy cane cut crease from Cassisel, and now the Santa hat trend.

The trend comes in various forms, from the Santa hat being placed above the brow, to a tinted brow with a white cotton ball on the end, to a glittery fest on the eyelid.

Makeup fanatics looking to recreate the look can use products such as NYX Cosmetics red glitter and white gel liner, Anastasia Beverly Hills angled brush, the Mehron Paradise ProPalette, DUO lash glue, cotton balls, as well as the Anastasia Beverly Hills "American Doll" liquid lipstick.

The trend is currently spreading across Instagram as makeup lovers on the social app give it their own spin.

Also on HuffPost:

This Keanu Reeves-Adam Driver 'Face Swap' May Be Just A Jedi Mind Trick

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Some folks online have long believed that actors Keanu Reeves and Adam Driver could be one and the same. But comic book creator Mark Millar took the lighthearted theory to the next level when he shared what he claimed was a face swap of the two stars on Twitter Monday.

Millar’s purported shot of “John Wick” star Reeves on Driver’s body (which actually emerged online earlier in the year), leaves you “confused and slightly lost,” he said.

(One might note that there is only the one photo of Driver’s body, and no corresponding body for Driver to “swap” to). But it was certainly confusing to us and some Twitter users:

For comparison, here are actual photographs of the pair:

Clarification: This article has been updated throughout to be less credulous of the claim that Reeves is featured in either image of this supposed “face swap.”

Also on HuffPost

New Zealand Does A Nationwide Secret Santa, And It's Very Cute

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New Zealand has once again held a nationwide Secret Santa exchange via Twitter, as if you needed any more reason to move to the idyllic isle.

More than 3600 people took part in the NZ Twitter Secret Santa, signing up to give and receive gifts with total strangers from the internet. After beginning in 2010, the scheme has become a Kiwi Christmas tradition, with even Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern playing along.

Twitter users sign up to play through New Zealand’s postal system and are then sent the Twitter handle of the person to buy a gift for. The NZ Secret Santa website tells participants to “get your Twitter-Sleuth on” to try to work out what sort of gift to give, with the rules saying that they need to “find/make/buy them an awesome gift for about $10.” 

With just days until Christmas, the gifts have started arriving in excited New Zealanders’ mailboxes, and everyone seems too stoked to wait until Dec. 25 to open them. People are already sharing pictures of their gifts ― sweet treats, notebooks, mugs, jewelery, socks and other trinkets ― to the #NZSecretSanta hashtag.

Judging by the reactions from gift recipients, the Secret Santas actually took time and effort to research the person they were buying for and think of meaningful gifts, as well as writing personalized Christmas cards. 

Ardern, who was elected prime minister in October and is recognized as the world’s youngest female head of government, was unveiled as one woman’s Secret Santa after sending some lotions and soap as a gift.

Ardern herself received a handmade Christmas tree decoration from a Kiwi citizen.

If you need a bit of Christmas cheer, check out all the rest of the gifts shared on the NZ Secret Santa Twitter account.

 

 

 

PM Modi Unlikely To Apologise To Manmohan Singh For 'Conspiracy With Pakistan' Remarks: Report

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Prime Minister Narendra Modi (C), former Prime Minister Manmohan Singh (L) and Sonia Gandhi, leader of India's main opposition Congress Party, wait to pay homage to the victims of the December 2001 parliament attack on its anniversary in New Delhi, India, December 13, 2017. REUTERS/Adnan Abidi

The Congress has demanded that Prime Minister Narendra Modi apologise to former PM Manmohan Singh, whom he accused of conspiring with Pakistan to influence the outcome of the Gujarat Assembly elections. However, after a joint meeting between members of the government and the opposition it seems an apology isn't immediately forthcoming from Modi, according to reports.

"I think the PM's stature will not be diminished if he clarifies and regrets because Manmohan Singh is also a member of the House. Why should he stand on falsehood? Either he should prove there was something wrong or he should take his words back to convey his regret to Singh," deputy leader of opposition in Rajya Sabha Anand Sharma said.

However, The Hindu reported that the government clearly conveyed its decision during the meeting, in which Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley and Parliamentary Affairs Minister Ananth Kumar were present, that no apology will be issued for Modi's accusation of treason, which he made on 11 December, without providing any evidence.

While addressing a rally in Gujarat, the PM referred to a meeting at suspended Congress leader Mani Shankar Aiyar's house, attended by some Pakistani officials, Singh and former vice-president Hamid Ansari, among others, in which he claimed a conspiracy was hatched to way-lay the Gujarat polls.

The Congress has not let the winter session function since Parliament convened on 15 December, demanding that the government either apologise or clarify the PM's comments. Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Venkaiah Naidu, had tried to broker peace between the two sides and asked them to resolve the issue amicably. Congress staged a walkout from the Lok Sabha (lower house) yesterday after Speaker Sumitra Mahajan did not allow them to raise the issue.

In the upper house, Leader of the opposition, Ghulam Nabi Azad, said Singh's "integrity and loyalty to the country had been questioned".

Singh had earlier said that he was "deeply pained and anguished by the falsehood and canards being spread to score political points in a lost cause by none less than Prime Minister Narendra Modi."

"Modi is setting a dangerous precedent by his insatiable desire to tarnish every constitutional office, including that of a former prime minister and Army chief," Singh said.

The contentious meeting that Modi referred to in his election speech was held on 6 December at Aiyar's house and attended by Pakistan's former foreign affairs minister Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri, former Indian Army chief Deepak Kapoor, former foreign minister K Natwar Singh, and former diplomats Salman Haidar, TCA Raghavan, among others, an Indian Express report found.

At least five of those present in the meeting told Express that it had nothing to do with domestic politics.

How Tribes In Odisha Are Using Forest Food To Keep Malnutrition At Bay

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Access to naturally grown forest produce would go a long way in protecting tribal communities in Odisha from the worst impacts of climate change and supply them with all that they need for sustenance

By Basudev Mahapatra*, Rayagada, Odisha

Sunamai Mambalaka, a Kondh tribal woman in her 50s, is not bothered about the vulnerability of cultivated crops to climate change. She believes that she and her community will never experience hunger as long as the forest, their perennial source of food, exists. "I was born in the forest, I grew with the forest. Forest is our life and soul," she said.

To the Kondh community living in Tada village of Rayagada district in Odisha, the forest adjacent to their village has remained the source of food, nutrition and livelihood since generations. Recent studies confirm that forests not only meet the nutritional needs of the communities, but also would play an important role in helping them face vagaries of nature and achieve some of the sustainable development goals.

Perennial food source

"We are never short of food because the forest has plenty to offer us," 40-year-old Kalia Mambalaka told VillageSquare.in. According to Padmavati Paleka of Leling Padar village, they get a variety of mushrooms, tender bamboo shoots, fruits like custard apple and several kinds of leaves and edible insects during the rainy season.

Food collected from the forest meets the nutritional needs of the Kondh tribes of Rayagada district. (Photo by Basudev Mahapatra)

"Honey and many tubers are harvested throughout the year," Paleka told VillageSquare.in. While some tubers are harvested during winter, the food items specific to summer include leaves and fruits of mango, kendu, jackfruit, amla, bel and tamarind among others. Except rice, the staple food of Odisha, as 35-year-old Biswanath Sarakka puts it, "Three fourth of the rest of our food comes from the forests."

The average daily intake of uncultivated forest food ranges between 12% and 24.4% of the total cooked foods, according to a study by Living farms that promotes agro-ecology as the foundation of food security and sovereignty. The study was carried out in Rayagada and Balangir districts, with predominant forest-dependent tribal population.

Key source of nutrition

Conducted in collaboration with Basudha Biotechnology Laboratory for Conservation, the team of scientists led by ecologist and champion of traditional rice Debal Deb studied the link between the biodiversity and ecology of the forest to availability of food items. "This is the first time that we have studied the nutritional properties of available wild foods," Deb told VillageSquare.in. "It's not just about food security, but about nutrition as well."

For example, edible leaves such as gandheri sag and ambgili sag available in the forest have very high content of pro-vitamin A (Beta Carotene), anti-oxidants and soluble protein. The research found that the leaves are rich in digestible iron, zinc and manganese as well.

Tubers and forest food are in high demand in local markets. (Photo by Basudev Mahapatra)

Some of the tubers and mushrooms also have high iron, zinc, vitamins and anti-oxidant content that are vital for nutritional security. "We found that the households consuming about 20% of their cooked food from the forest have no signs of malnutrition," Deb said, urging for further studies with quantification of data.

Critical for future food security

Being such storehouses of food with rich nutritional value makes forests critical for future food safety. According to Deb, the forest species are more resilient to climate change than any of the cultivated crops, thus assuring the villagers of nutritional security.

While mentioning that forests are fundamental for food security and improved livelihoods, State of the World's Forests (SOFO) 2016 released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) notes, "The forests of the future will increase the resilience of communities by providing food, wood energy, shelter, fodder and fiber; generating income and employment to allow communities and societies to prosper; and harboring biodiversity."

SOFO 2016 also highlights that, given their multi-functionality, forests can play significant roles in achieving about six of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets set by the UN. Such contributions are usually poorly reflected in national development and food security strategies. Coupled with poor coordination between stakeholder sectors, forests are mostly left out of policy decisions related to food security and nutrition, FAO observes.

Concerns

Forest foods are in high demand in haats or tribal community markets and nearby rural markets. Forest produce such as honey, amla and several fruits are in great demand in urban malls. Though this may appear as an opportunity for economic empowerment of the tribal communities, this may lead to degradation of the forests, hampering availability. "When there's greater density, diversity of tree species and basal area (total base area of trees in the forests), the availability of food, not only plants but also animals, is much higher," Deb told VillageSquare.in.

Though total forest cover in Odisha has increased from 48,903 sq. km in 2011 to 50,354 sq. km in 2015 as per the State of Forest Report, Odisha, very dense forest (VDF) and moderately dense forest (MDF) in the traditional forest boundaries have come down from 7,060 sq. km to 6,763 sq. km and 21,366 sq. km to 19,791 sq. km, respectively.

The other threat is from commercial monoculture plantation on forestland under afforestation and social forestry programs. According to FAO, monoculture plantation totally affects the organic productivity and reduces the natural stability of the soil. "The forest department wanted to plant eucalyptus in our forest land. We didn't allow," 52-year-old Landi Sikoka of Khalpadar village told VillageSquare.in. "We plant trees of our choice in the forest periodically."

Way ahead

"For the tribal communities, forest is not just a source of food, but it's also a part of their identity," Debjeet Sarangi of the Living Farms told VillageSquare.in. "Tribes such as the Kondhs' way of life is respectful of others including nature and recognizes diversity in its different manifestations." The tribal community's relationship with the forest is one of belonging rather than ownership.

Community forest management is good for the health of the forests. When local users have long-term rights to harvest from the forests, they are more likely to monitor and sanction those who break the rules, resulting in better forest conditions, according to Nobel laureate economist, the late Elinor Ostrom, who advocated for common rights over land and forest.

The study conducted by Living Farms corroborates the theory. According to the study, ecosystem of the forest is likely to be much improved in terms of number of tree species, density and food availability, when managed by the communities. "Forest gives us food, fodder, firewood and everything we require," Sunamai Mambalaka told VillageSquare.in. "It's our god, our mother."

Basudev Mahapatra is a journalist based in Bhubaneshwar. Views are personal.

This article was first published on VillageSquare.in, a public-interest communications platform focused on rural India.

(The opinions expressed in this post are the personal views of the author. They do not necessarily reflect the views of HuffPost India. Any omissions or errors are the author's and HuffPost India does not assume any liability or responsibility for them.)

Bamboo Farming Is Changing The Rural Economy In Konkan

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The newfound interest in the cultivation of bamboo, known as the wise man's timber, is helping transform the rural economy in the Konkan region of Maharashtra by boosting farm incomes

By Hiren Kumar Bose*, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra

Nestled among fields of mango, cashew, coconut and areca palms, and dotted with houses roofed with Mangalore tiles in between, bamboo vies for attention at the Pinguli village in Kudal taluk. Grown in homesteads till now, it has started making its presence felt in farm plots as well. The scene is similar in Kolgaon, Hirlok, Ranbumbuli and Konal villages, all in different administrative divisions of the Sindhudurg district.

In these villages, bamboo supplements the farm income of those who have decided to stay back and continue farming rather than migrate to cities in search of livelihood. The farm landscape is slowly changing. Known for coastal fisheries and Alphonso mangoes, villages in Kankavli, Kudal, Sawantwadi, Vengurla and Dodamarg taluks of Sindhudurg district are increasingly falling under the charm of bamboo, the green gold.

Abundant resource

According to the Status Paper on Rice in Maharashtra, Sindhudurg district receives 2,000 mm to 4,000 mm of rainfall and rice remains the mainstay crop. Endowed with laterite as well as alluvial soil, vegetables, millets and pulses are grown in winter. In addition to these, bamboo is being increasingly cultivated.

According to the Bamboo Resources of the Country prepared by the Forest Survey of India, the bamboo-bearing area under Maharashtra is 11,465 sq. km, distributed across 10 districts. Vidarbha produces over 90% of the total yield. The varieties grown here since long are Manvel (Dendrocalamus strictus), Katang (Bambusa bambos) or thorny bamboo, Manga (Dendrocalamus stocksii) and Chivari (Munrochloa ritchiei).

The Konkan region, which includes Sindhudurg, is home to Manga bamboo. Manga has been the preferred choice among farmers for its multipurpose uses. It is solid without thorns and grows straight, achieving a height of 15 m. It is used as stakes in horticulture, for making implements, for scaffolding and for making furniture and handicrafts. It starts yielding after five years, yielding eight to 12 sticks every year.

The varieties introduced in recent years include Bhima (Bambusa balcooa), Burma (Dendrocalamus brandisii), Giant Burma (Dendrocalamus giganteus) and Yellow or common (Bambusa vulgaris) bamboo.

Bamboo benefit

Sunil Sawant, a 57-year-old railway points man at Kudal, has refused several promotions as they entailed transfers because he doesn't want to leave the bamboos in his 20-acre plot. He informed VillageSquare.in that last year he sold Rs 15 lakh worth of bamboo to traders from Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Delhi. He plans to make Rs 20 lakh next year.

A famer in his bamboo grove in Danoli village of Sindhudurg district. (Photo by Hiren Kumar Bose)

Bamboo can do without much irrigation and is not susceptible to pests. Attack from vertebrates like langur, gaur and wild boar can be controlled through three months of active guarding during the shoot-growing season. It requires minimum labor and is unaffected by extreme climatic conditions. It has readily available and well-established market linkages.

Farmers cultivate Manga bamboo as a tree-based intercrop. They do not clear fell the existing natural vegetation, but plant the bamboos around existing large trees. As the clumps compete with existing trees for sunlight, they grow taller and more erect than the clumps planted in the open. Additionally, the tree branches provide physical support and stability to the clumps. As the existing trees derive nutrients from deeper soil layers, the leaf litter makes nutrient readily available for the bamboo clumps.

Bamboo boosts economy

According to experts, Sindhudurg presently produces around 5,000 truckloads of bamboo every year. Each truckload bears 1,200 to 1,400 poles, with each pole fetching between Rs 50 and Rs 80, meaning the bamboo farmers have a minimum annual turnover of Rs 40 crore. The total bamboo economy of the district could be around Rs 50 crore.

On the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of bamboo cultivation, Milind Patil, a postgraduate from College of Forestry, Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth (DBSKKV), said he found the bamboo farmers of Sindhudurg a satisfied lot. His conclusion was based on his study of each crop from physiographic, climatic, environmental and economic perspectives. "The BCR of bamboo was 3.7, meaning a net benefit of Rs 3.7 on an investment of Rs 1.0, which was greater than the BCR of mango and cashew, which were 2.3 and 2.8 respectively," he told VillageSquare.in.

Milind Patil in his nursery in Pinguli village of Sindhudurg district. (Photo by Hiren Kumar Bose)

According to horticulturist Hemant Bedekar, a veteran campaigner who has organized scores awareness workshops in Maharashtra, bamboo grown in Sindhudurg is either transported to Kolhapur, Sankeshwar or Goa and then sent to the silk-rearing centers in the country's southern parts or to Mumbai to be used as scaffolding in the construction industry. The trade has helped bamboo flourish and holds potential in Konkan to develop industries like ply or lumber with international market demand.

Additional farm income

Like other villages in the district, Rambumbuli has witnessed large-scale migration of its inhabitants to cities in the recent years. But those who come home during festivals praise 37-year-old Santosh Dattaram Khot. Early in life, Khot realized the potential of bamboo. Over the years he has planted 2,500 bamboo saplings that now cover six acres of his farm. He continues to cultivate rice as well.

Francis Thomas D'Souza of Kolgaon village, who has increased his bamboo plantation from one acre in 1994 to 15 acres in about 13 years, expressed a similar sentiment. "In the next couple of years, I expect to make Rs 20 lakh a year just from bamboo," the 58-year-old traditional farmer and orchard owner told VillageSquare.in.

According to Ajay Dattaram Rane, associate professor of forestry, DBSKKV, who has helped set up several Manga nurseries, bamboo is helping farmers cope with changing climatic conditions. "A farmer in Hirlok in Kudal taluk did not get desired yield from his cashew crop, but the Manga bamboo yield helped him," Rane told VillageSquare.in. "I believe cashew plus Manga bamboo is a win-win situation for farmers of Sindhudurg district."

Under the state government-funded Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), 14 private nurseries have been established in 11 villages, each nursery having the capacity of producing 5,000 plants. Each nursery owner is likely to earn around Rs 1.5 lakh per year by the sale of bamboo saplings, with a potential to scale up.

Among the beneficiaries of RKVY scheme is Patil of Pinguli village. He began with 100 mother plants of the Manga variety in 2016 on 7,000 sq. ft and sold 2,000 saplings for Rs 90 each. His nursery now spreads over 25,000 sq. ft. "I expect to make around Rs 5 lakh each year from my nursery and also from timber," he told VillageSquare.in.

Challenges and way forward

Though bamboo is a type of grass, the Indian Forest Act, 1927 defines bamboo as a tree — a contradiction in the law that has impacted the livelihood of millions and stunted the growth of bamboo industry. Despite India being the second largest grower of bamboo, the incense sticks industry is forced to import bamboo, thanks to the draconian law.

However, the Maharashtra government's decision three years ago to free the transit pass (TP) condition for bamboo grown on private land is a shot in the arm for bamboo farmers. Earlier, bamboo was transported within the districts of western Maharashtra without TP, as it was from private lands.

According to architect Sunil Joshi, chairman of the Maharashtra chapter of Bamboo Society of India, the TP regime affected the entire Maharashtra, more so Vidarbha, which is abundant in bamboo. "The TP-free regime has liberated bamboo and a bit of awareness about the cause and effects of future industrial development would help bamboo find its right place in farmlands," he told VillageSquare.in.

According to Bedekar, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and other nationalized banks should consider bamboo as a plantation crop and start financing the farmers. "It takes four to five years to get yields, and hence, repayment cycles should be planned accordingly," he said.

Hiren Kumar Bose is a journalist based in Thane, Maharashtra. He doubles up as a weekend farmer.

This article was first published on VillageSquare.in, a public-interest communications platform focused on rural India.

(The opinions expressed in this post are the personal views of the author. They do not necessarily reflect the views of HuffPost India. Any omissions or errors are the author's and HuffPost India does not assume any liability or responsibility for them.)

What Stops Rural Enterprises In India From Growing And Prospering?

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By Sanjiv Phansalkar*

I have noted in this column earlier that advising villagers in India to become entrepreneurs is like carrying coal to Newcastle. Most of the income-earning activities of rural individuals and households carry such enormous risks and challenges that the so-called risk-taking, which is considered the core of entrepreneurship, is almost second nature to them. Yet, we see few of the enterprises of rural households going to scale. Why is this so?

The answer may lie in the stance or mindset of the entrepreneur. For a rural household, whichever enterprise they initiate is a part of their overall living pattern. Hence, whatever they do for the enterprise, they do in a manner consistent with their lifestyle, including their revealed leisure-income trade-off. In a sense, therefore, they are lifestyle entrepreneurs.

For a rural household, whichever enterprise they initiate is a part of their overall living pattern.

On the other hand, a formal profit-seeking capitalist entrepreneur is supposed to set his goals at stiff levels, proactively aim, seek and work for growth and is seen to be willing to adjust his lifestyle to the needs of that enterprise. Here is the difference. There are, of course, a very large number of urban persons in business as well as in professions who also treat their enterprises as a way of life rather than as vehicles for growth and profit maximization.

Lifestyle obstruction

What level of size of the enterprise, what level of growth and what level of income satisfies an individual is strictly her choice and we see there is a wide range in the way these choices are made. A well-known restaurant in South Mumbai — the hub of India's capitalism — is known to operate only between 10 am and 3 pm for lunch and only on weekdays. It is full any time you visit and the owner would see no dearth of custom were he to start a dinner service as well, but he has made his choice. So does every one else. Thus, stating that merely because rural households treat their enterprises as a way of life hinders the growth of their enterprises is only a partial explanation.

Discussions with people working in different capacities with rural enterprises throw some more light on this matter. An entrepreneur working with tribal individuals and providing them techno-managerial and marketing support to start and run their enterprises making tableware from sheaths of areca nut trees made some interesting points.

Modes of thinking

His contention was that rural individuals have learnt and think in terms of sequential action. Illustrating this, he says, for instance, a farmer knows and acts in a sequence for his crops — prepare the land, sow and plant the seeds, possibly with basal dose of manures, remove weeds, provide irrigation, spray plant protection chemicals, harvest, thresh, pack and sell and store for self-consumption. He is attuned to act in this sequence and thinks in that fashion.

On the other hand, even the simple enterprise of making tableware from areca nut sheaths involves many simultaneous actions — collecting fallen sheaths, procuring from others, stacking them, producing tableware to given designs, packing them, undertaking necessary banking operations and so on. There is thus a fundamental challenge in modes of thinking for the individual and there is a challenge in making sequential thinkers to think simultaneously on multiple fronts.

There's another example about an entrepreneur who sources woven fabric from tribal households in Assam. Weaving is a household activity in that area and there are pretty designs traditionally being woven in silk and other materials. The entrepreneur procures yarn for them and expects woven fabric that can then be used to make garments with traditional motifs but modern forms.

Sticking to schedules

"The trouble is getting them to adhere to schedules. When rain creates a lot of water bodies, you can be sure that your weavers would much rather go for fishing than weave, ignoring the deadlines set for tem and forgetting their own commitments," he says in frustration. "Around times of festivals like Puja or Bihu, our demand peaks, but weavers are busy enjoying the festivals themselves, so we just do not get our supplies. How can these enterprises grow?"

However, once rural entrepreneurs — and even tribal folk — make the mental transition from production work of the enterprise being a calling and not just a part of way of life, things seem to improve. An entrepreneur from Manipur, who engages with pretty craft objects made out of kuona grass, said that when he could assure the producers of a certain volume of business, and hence, of much enhanced income working at or close to homes, they found a way of adjusting their life pattern to cater to the rising demand. "They recognize the merit of making adjustments once risks associated with the economic activity are absorbed, and hence, income beckons them."

Patterns of living

The lesson seems to be somewhat as follows. Entrepreneurial activities are risky and rural individuals take to them, as every economic activity for them is risky. They also have a well laid out life pattern. To start with, they fit the entrepreneurial activities within their pattern of living. On their own steam, few of these individuals have either the capacity or the inclination to overcome the expectations and challenges of their pattern of life to put that extra energy in their enterprise, which is needed for growth. Hence they remain stagnant.

The trouble is getting them to adhere to schedules. When rain creates a lot of water bodies, you can be sure that your weavers would much rather go for fishing than weave, ignoring the deadlines set for tem and forgetting their own commitments

Any external intervener therefore must recognize the demands of the pattern of life on the entrepreneurs and do one of the two things. Either she accepts that rural and tribal individuals are "like that only" and makes her own business projections. Else, he creates sufficiently strong and credible incentive for the rural and tribal folk to make proactive adjustments to their pattern of life and become reliable, highly productive producers.

While there is no live data for making this statement, it would appear that once the rural individuals have made adjustments in their pattern of life to suit economic activities, they may then be far more ready to take these risks and grow on their own.

Note: The author gratefully acknowledges the inputs from presentations made by Arindam Dasgupta, Bhajit Singh and Mayuri Baishya at the Tribal Samvaad conclave held in Jamshedpur in November 2017.

Sanjiv Phansalkar is associated closely with Transform Rural India Foundation. He was earlier a faculty member at the Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA). Phansalkar is a fellow of the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Ahmedabad. Views are personal.

This article was first published on VillageSquare.in, a public-interest communications platform focused on rural India.

​​​​​​​(The opinions expressed in this post are the personal views of the author. They do not necessarily reflect the views of HuffPost India. Any omissions or errors are the author's and HuffPost India does not assume any liability or responsibility for them.)

Donald Trump Lashes Out Against Top FBI Officials Over Holiday Weekend

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President Donald Trump may be vacationing at his Mar-a-Lago estate, but he has dedicated part of his holiday weekend to berating top FBI officials.

Trump on Saturday took aim at FBI deputy director Andrew McCabe, the second highest ranking official at the bureau who has received many political jabs from the Republican Party in recent years.

McCabe faced more than 16 hours of questioning this week from several House committees about his role in the FBI’s investigations into Russia’s election meddling and Hillary Clinton’s private email server, according to CNN.

“How can [McCabe], the man in charge, along with leakin’ James Comey, of the Phony Hillary Clinton investigation (including her 33,000 illegally deleted emails) be given $700,000 for wife’s campaign by Clinton Puppets during investigation,” the president tweeted Saturday.

Trump also pointed out that McCabe may be retiring soon, as The Washington Post reported Saturday.

Early Sunday morning, he referenced a Fox News segment that reported that McCabe allegedly used “his FBI Official Email Account to promote [Hillary Clinton’s] campaign.” 

Trump’s tweets were an apparent attempt to undermine McCabe’s credibility in the wake of reports that FBI agent Peter Strzok had sent texts considered politically biased against Trump.

Strzok had mentioned “Andy,” which could be a reference to McCabe, in an August 2016 text message to FBI attorney Lisa Page. Some Republicans believe the text messages show a conspiracy to take down Trump, possibly involving McCabe, according to the Post.

Trump’s tweets also rehashed an alleged controversy surrounding 2016 campaign donations made by Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe, an ally of Hillary and Bill Clinton, to McCabe’s wife, who was running for (and eventually lost) a seat in Virginia’s Senate. Many Republicans found the donations suspicious and used it to draw ties between the Clintons and McCabe, who oversaw the FBI’s Clinton email probe. They then called for McCabe’s firing.

McCabe had alerted a department ethics official when the donations were made, according to the Washington Post.

Later Saturday, Trump shifted his attention to reports that FBI general counsel James Baker was being reassigned.

According to the Post, which first reported the news, Baker’s reassignment was FBI director Christopher A. Wray’s attempt to assemble a new team of senior advisers while fending off GOP claims of political bias within the FBI.

The president’s tweets echo the chorus of Republicans on Capitol Hill who have ramped up their criticism of the Department of Justice’s investigation into ties between Trump’s campaign and Russia.

Democrats have denounced the Republican attacks on the FBI and Justice Department, claiming they are attempts from the right to interfere with Special Counsel Robert Mueller’s probe.

This story has been update with Trump’s Sunday morning tweet.

God Bless Us, Every Robber Baron

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Gather round, friends, and savor a holiday fable for our bitter age. As in the Charles Dickens classic A Christmas Carol, the villain of this story is money. It features its own Ebenezer Scrooge and ghosts of moral compunction. But the ending of our tale has been adjusted: Money prevails and Scrooge dies miserable and rich, but not before buying off his ghosts and fashioning them into a museum exhibit.

That’s where I’m standing, in the annual Yuletide display of John Pierpont Morgan’s collection of Dickensia at the Morgan Library, the Madison Avenue monument to the excesses and undeniable good taste of the man who invented American banking as we know it. Specifically, I am standing in front of the original handwritten manuscript of A Christmas Carol, purchased by Morgan sometime in the 1890s, as his economic and political power approached its zenith. It is the crown jewel of the production, bound in handsome red Morocco leather, presented alongside personal correspondence, illustrations and other minor treasures from Dickens’ improbable life.

In prior years, the irony would have been outrageous, but in this moment, the Dickens exhibit is merely appropriate. As Congress approves a tax bill of blatant financial despotism ― showering fresh riches on billionaires, senators and the president himself ― one of the most beloved expressions of Christian egalitarianism rests under soft illumination, the hunting trophy of a dead financier.   


When Dickens sat down to write A Christmas Carol in October 1843, he was frightened and broke. This would have surprised most Victorians, who knew him as the most popular English writer since Shakespeare and one of the few living men recognizable on multiple continents. But the weak sales of his most recent novels had put severe strain on his resources and amplified some of his deepest anxieties.

When he was 12, Dickens’ respectable middle-class family had been overwhelmed by debt. His father was sentenced to debtors’ prison, and young Charles was dispatched to work at a shoe polish factory to help the family buy back their freedom. The “rotten floors and staircase” he described to his first biographer, John Forster, “and the old grey rats swarming down in the cellars” stayed with him. They eventually made an appearance in his hit second novel, Oliver Twist, and stamped on its author a profound sense of social fragility. For Dickens, financial success and the public esteem that accompanied it were not anchored to character or ability. They were insecure blessings, easily erased.

Oliver Twist was now four years in the past. In the meantime, like his father before him, Dickens had been siring more children than he could afford. He and his wife, Catherine, moved into a bigger house to accommodate their growing family even as sales of his novels, serialized in popular magazines, had collapsed to one-fifth of their 1841 peak.

A Christmas Carol was a wild attempt to reverse these sagging fortunes. Instead of turning the work over to the magazines, Dickens would publish it himself as a hardbound book released a week before Christmas to capitalize on the holiday market. Though a sensible sales gimmick today, this was an act of lunatic delusion in 1843, when the market for bound books was small, and the market for Christmas did not exist.

Christmas, in Dickens’ time, was going through an identity crisis. Considered a minor theological event for most of Christian history, Dec. 25 had always been entangled with various non-Christian celebrations of the winter solstice ― holly, mistletoe and ivy are all holdovers from different European tribal festivities, along with Yule logs and Christmas trees. This was particularly troubling to the severe theologies popular among the British. In the 17th century, Oliver Cromwell and his Puritan government put an end to all dangerous compromises with paganism by banning the holiday outright. Caroling became a crime.

Illustration by John Leech of Scrooge being visited by the ghost of his late business partner, Marley.

The Puritans eventually lost their war on Christmas, but upstanding English families were still negotiating the appropriate limits of joviality under Queen Victoria. She was understood to be Christmas-curious ― her German husband, Albert, was adamant about his tannenbaum ― but most households settled for the rough equivalent of a bank holiday in December, with an evening of ghost stories around the fire thrown in for family entertainment.

Still, Dickens had to do something about his depleted bank account. After blitzing through the manuscript in just six weeks, he was overdrawn, and he wrote to his lawyer Thomas Mitton to beg for a £200 loan ― enough to get him through until the book sales paid out.

All of this spiritual and financial turmoil found an outlet in A Christmas Carol. Combining pagan supernaturalia with Christian themes as subtle as a sledgehammer, Dickens presented a parable of what would soon be known as the social gospel ― a celebration of the working family, of the triumph of love over greed and the promise that everyone, even the most miserable miser, can be redeemed by helping the poor.

People loved it. A Christmas Carol quickly sold out of its initial run of 6,000 copies. A pirated edition appeared ― a sure sign of a hit ― as additional printings were ordered up. It was soon adapted for the stage, and has continued to serve as source material for television, film, ballet and opera ever since. But its cultural influence proved more than literary. Dickens did not, as the latest film adaptation of his slim book (based on an amiable biography by Les Standiford) claims, invent Christmas. He was, however, instrumental in establishing the holiday as a festiveseason, according to another Dickens biographer, Peter Ackroyd. So long as everyone maintained a Christian spirit ― love of family, care for the poor and a healthy skepticism of financial capital ― pagan frivolities were fair game. All of the childhood wonder that has emerged since ― Frosty, Rudolph, the Grinch, even Santa’s red and white suit ― owe a small debt to Dickens.

The great criminal of A Christmas Carol is not Ebenezer Scrooge, who opens the story as an abusive boss, denouncing the moral fiber of the poor as he shuns his own family. Scrooge eventually corrects his moral errors. The real poison is money itself, which corrupts his innocent soul and tricks him into purging joy from his life in a hopeless quest to insulate himself from sorrow. Dickens offered a retelling of the legend of King Midas, the tragic mythological figure whose life was ruined when everything he touched began turning to gold.

It would eventually fall into the hands of a Gilded Age colossus.


Nobody who knew Pierpont Morgan doubted his religious zeal. He collected medieval holy books, made an emotional pilgrimage to Jerusalem and claimed to have seen the exact spot along the Nile River where the infant Moses had been rescued from the reeds. So as his fortune swelled during the second half of the 19th century, the greatest of American financiers devoted some of his wealth to a higher purpose. He bought a church.

At Saint George’s in Manhattan, Morgan paid for social services, financed the construction of new buildings and even picked the rector, Rev. William Rainsford. But ownership and management soon came into conflict when Rainsford sought to “democratize” the vestry ― the governing body of the burgeoning institution ― which the new preacher believed to be an unacceptably narrow, wealthy slice of the parish. Morgan was appalled: “I do not want the vestry democratized. I want it to remain a body of gentlemen whom I can ask to meet me in my study.”

It was not that Morgan despised the working and middle classes ― though he did loathe the nouveau riche who had dared to migrate from among them into his own lofty station. “He was never a champion of social justice or equality,” as biographer Ron Chernow wrote in his titanic history The House of Morgan. But the money magnate still paid for his rector’s various endeavors to feed and educate the poor.

Morgan instead enjoyed a sense of superiority over the masses. He had an unshakeable belief that he and his fellow princes of capital knew what was best not only for the ordering of corporations, but for the way his fellow citizens should live their lives. He provided financial support to Anthony Comstock’s censorship campaigns, which burned books and championed the covering of nude statues. When the Metropolitan Opera’s performance of the Richard Strauss libretto ”Salome” offended his puritanical sensibilities, Morgan personally intervened to cancel the production. He was an active member of the Young Men’s Christian Association, which sought to temper political radicalism among industrial workers by instilling in them Victorian virtues, discouraging gambling, in particular.

Not that Morgan allowed his own conduct to be hindered by such inconveniences. Unhappy with his marriage, he carried on affair after affair with actresses “aboard his yachts, in private railroad cars, and at European spas,” as Chernow details. Once, at a Cairo hotel, he threw a small fortune in gold jewelry onto a table and instructed a throng of young women, “Help yourselves!” before other entertainments ensued.

But for the most part, he lived a life of great power and little pleasure. With his children, Morgan was, in Chernow’s words, “terrifying” and “distant.” A dour, ferocious businessman, he could be as brutal with his colleagues as he was ruthless with his competitors, which he steadily eliminated, forming great monopolies in the steel, coal, telegraph, shipping and railroad industries. When a financial crisis shook the foundations of the American banking system in 1907, Morgan worked out the rescue plan in his study and all but ordered President Theodore Roosevelt to accept the terms, which happened to give Morgan control over the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company. The Rough Rider assented without complaint.

In short, over the course of his 75 years, Morgan was a living embodiment of everything Charles Dickens assailed in his fiction. When his son, Jack, came across the Dickens novel Dombey and Son at the age of 13, he was moved to tears by the story, which opens with an overbearing shipping magnate attempting to groom his sensitive son for the family business through various acts of bullying and intimidation. The child dies.

Jack proved sturdier. He succeeded his father at the helm of the family empire and opened the Morgan home as a museum in 1924. Though most of the building has since been transformed into an airy, modern public space, curators have preserved the original patriarch’s library and study. It is both opulent and ominous, filled with dark mahogany shelves, walls covered in crimson silk, Italian Renaissance paintings and one massive portrait each of a glowering Pierpont and a more contemplative Jack. The library has its own rotunda adorned with brilliant mosaics supported by intricately carved marble columns. An adjacent showroom houses illuminated manuscripts, Egyptian statuary and an Assyrian cuneiform tablet. Pierpont’s greatest passion was not for actresses, but for plunder.

Yet money was never far from his mind. Hanging over a massive stone fireplace in the library is an epic 16th-century tapestry depicting the deadly sin of avarice, characterized by King Midas himself. It is a difficult item to interpret. A symbol of Morgan’s internal torment? A demonstration of his power over the moral trifles of lesser men? A simple lack of self-awareness?

Though the Dickens exhibit is more cheerful, it is impossible to put aside similar questions. Why would a fabulously rich banker purchase the letter Dickens wrote over Christmas of 1843 pleading for a loan?


The wealth of material provides a charming narrative of Dickens’ career. Though A Christmas Carol revived his confidence, the project was a financial bust. He insisted on a jubilant presentation for the book, paying for full-color illustrations, leather covers and gilt-edged pages. These elevated production costs left him with a total profit of just £137 from the first printing. Even this was soon wiped out. Dickens successfully sued the rogue publishers who had released a pirated edition, but when they declared bankruptcy, he was left with £700 in legal fees to cover out of his own pocket.

Undeterred, Dickens followed up with four other Christmas books in the 1840s, all of which racked up impressive sales numbers. This year’s Morgan Library exhibit features for the first time the original manuscripts of these later works ― The Chimes, The Cricket on the Hearth, The Battle of Life and The Haunted Man ― though they all made their way into the museum long after Pierpont’s death. None have the same power of A Christmas Carol, but they tackle the same themes, celebrating the working class as they excoriate the elite ― bankers, politicians and churchmen ― as either moralizing hypocrites or sterile, joyless sadists.

The Chimes is even more radical than its better-known predecessor, the story of a poor family steadily beaten down into death and despair by a politician who styles himself an enlightened “friend and father to the poor.” Instead of education or financial aid, the vulnerable protagonists receive stern lectures about their character failings, as additional hardships are piled on to test their fitness for relief. Dickens explained his motive for writing the piece in a letter to the actor William Macready: “I have endeavored to plant an indignant right-hander on the eye of certain Wicked Cant that makes my blood boil, which I hope will not only cloud that eye with black and blue, but many a gentler one with chrystal of the purest sort.”

Morgan’s eye was not blackened. He purchased the letter sometime before 1913. And Dickens himself would struggle to live up to some of these values in later life. His international celebrity put a terrible strain on his marriage to Catherine. In 1858, he humiliated her with a very public separation, leaving the mother of his children for the teenage Ellen Ternan. He worked at a furious pace all his life, taking on a second career as a public speaker, reading his books before audiences of thousands. He never abandoned his crusade for the poor ― his speaking tours for A Christmas Carol raised money for charity ― but family joys and responsibilities became an encumbrance to a man consumed by his own greatness.

None of these failings have diminished the cultural power of his prose, which will resonate so long as economic inequality remains a dominant social problem. For Dickens, Christmas was synonymous with a natural, divine abundance. Scarcity was a human invention. There is never any question in his holiday fables whether there are enough geese in England to satisfy every table at Christmas ― only the question of why some tables are denied their dinner.

Men like Morgan knew the answer. It was stashed away in their bank vaults and hoarded among their cuneiform ruins. And for all the talk of innovation, efficiency and progress we have heard from Wall Street and Silicon Valley in the century or so since Morgan’s death, that is where it remains. The American economy generates over $19 trillion in wealth every year, yet 40 million Americans live in poverty, 41 million live in "food insecure" households and roughly half do not have the funds to meet an unexpected $500 expense. Congress, meanwhile, has decided to raise taxes on the poor and middle class to shower trillions of dollars on some of the richest families the world has ever known, including their own. We are experiencing the spiritual arc of A Christmas Carol in reverse, watching our public commitments and ideas curdle into moral rot.

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New Report Details Rampant Harassment, Culture Of 'Male Entitlement' At Vice

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Shane Smith, co-founder and CEO of Vice Media, has acknowledged the company has failed to

A New York Times report published Saturday details a toxic workplace culture at Vice Media, which the paper characterizes as being ruled by “a top-down ethos of male entitlement.”

The comprehensive investigation unearthed four settlements of sexual harassment or defamation against employees at Vice. One of those involved the company’s president, Andrew Creighton. He paid $135,00 in 2016 to a former employee who alleged she was fired after refusing “an intimate relationship” with him.

Two other men accused in harassment settlements, former Vice News head Jason Mojica and Vice producer Rhys James, were both fired in November.

According to the Times report, Vice settled for an undisclosed amount to an employee earlier this year who said that as her supervisor, Mojica retaliated against her at the end of a sexual relationship. The company settled for $24,000 in January to an employee of mixed race who said James made racist and sexist comments, including asking her about the color of her nipples.

The fourth settlement involved a writer who said the company defamed her by falsely publishing that she agreed to have sex with a rapper she interviewed.

Additionally, more than 24 women told the Times they had seen or personally experienced sexual misconduct at Vice like unwanted kisses, propositions for sex and inappropriate comments.

Vice co-founders Shane Smith and Suroosh Alvi appeared to agree with the sentiments of Vice employees. In a statement sent to the Times, they apologized that those running the company had failed to foster a “safe and inclusive workplace”:

Listening to our employees over the past year, the truth is inescapable: from the top down, we have failed as a company to create a safe and inclusive workplace where everyone, especially women, can feel respected and thrive. Cultural elements from our past, dysfunction, and mismanagement were allowed to flourish unchecked. That includes a detrimental ‘boy’s club’ culture that fostered inappropriate behavior that permeated throughout the company.

It happened on our watch, and ultimately we let far too many people down. We are truly sorry for this.

In a longer version of the statement sent to employees, Vice also outlined the steps the company has taken to improve the situation. Some of those steps were creation of a Diversity and Inclusion Advisory Board with Gloria Steinem as a member, a strengthened process for reporting harassment and the removal of a bizarre “non-traditional workplace agreement” that essentially required new hires to agree to not be offended by whatever went on at the office.

The Times report echoes earlier accounts that Vice employees, particularly women, have shared in recent weeks. Last month, The Daily Beast interviewed more than a dozen former and current staffers who described routine harassment and indifference on the part of the company. Employees also described having to sign the “non-traditional workplace agreement” mentioned in Vice’s statement. Those agreements mandated, among other stipulations, that they agree to not find “the workplace environment at VICE” to be “offensive, indecent, violent or disturbing.”

Shortly after The Daily Beast story broke, HuffPost’s Ashley Feinberg spoke with multiple Vice staffers who were furious about the company’s failure to address sexual harassment allegations and frustrated with a general lack of transparency. They also spoke of anxiety over the impending Times story, which they knew was in the works.

“That story is a shadow over all of us,” one employee told HuffPost. “Every day you think, is this the day that it’s going to break?”

Apple Hit With Lawsuits After Admitting It Intentionally Slowed Down iPhones

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Apple is facing several lawsuits after the tech giant admitted this week that it was deliberately slowing down the performance of its older iPhones.

In a statement on Wednesday, the company said slowing down the phones via a recent software update was necessary because the aging batteries in older phones were causing devices to unexpectedly shut down. 

Understandably, iPhone users were pissed.

Many iPhone users didn’t buy Apple’s excuse.

Some insisted the company was purposely slowing down older phone models as a way of forcing consumers to purchase the newer iPhone models.

Two different class-action lawsuits were filed in California and Illinois on Thursday alleging just that. In a federal suit filed in Chicago, five customers claim Apple is engaging in “deceptive, immoral and unethical” practices in violation of consumer protection laws, the Chicago Sun Times reported.

“Corporations have to realize that people are sophisticated and that when people spend their hard-earned dollars on a product they expect it to perform as expected,” James Vlahakis, the attorney representing the plaintiffs in the Chicago suit, told the Sun Times.

“Instead, Apple appears to have obscured and concealed why older phones were slowing down.”

In the California lawsuit, two law school students at the University of Southern California argue Apple installed the performance-stifling update without the device owner’s permission, the Mercury News reported

The students, Stefan Bogdanovich and Dakota Speas, also claim Apple “intentionally interfered” with consumers’ iPhones, forcing users to “have to replace iPhones, buy new batteries,” or lose “usage of their phone,” according to a copy of the lawsuit obtained by CBS News.

Apple “breached the implied contracts it made with Plaintiffs and Class Members by purposefully slowing down older iPhone models when new models come out and by failing to properly disclose that at the time of that the parties entered into an agreement,” the suit reads.

Apple has not publicly responded to the lawsuits.

While some people have pointed out the company does offer its users a hard-to-find notice that alerts them when their iPhone’s battery needs servicing, many claim the company could have been more transparent about its strategies.

The New York Times’ Niraj Chokshi writes:

[Apple] could have avoided controversy by being more transparent to begin with. It could have notified people that a power management mode was kicking in to keep their iPhones running for longer because their batteries are running out of juice. That would also inform people that they should be getting their batteries replaced. Because Apple was not transparent, it’s natural for people to suspect it of deliberately crippling their devices to get them to buy new ones.

17 Swoon-Worthy Christmas Desserts

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From ricotta cheesecake to chocolate cream pie, there’s something for every sweet tooth on this list.

1. Ricotta Cheesecake with Fresh Raspberries

Inspired by the “Obsessive Ricotta Cheesecake” in Gina DePalma’s Dolce Italiano, Desserts from the Babbo Kitchen, this cheesecake is a hybrid between an American-style cheesecake and an Italian-style cheesecake. The raspberry topping is the perfect foil for the cake, which isn’t overly sweet. GET THE RECIPE

2. Pumpkin Pecan Streusel Torte

This crowd-pleasing pumpkin dessert looks like it comes from a fancy bakery but only takes 30 minutes to put together. GET THE RECIPE

3. New York-Style Cheesecake

Cheesecakes are notoriously tricky to make, but with the right recipe and a few pointers, a tall and creamy NY-style Cheesecake is totally doable, even for beginners. GET THE RECIPE

4. Chocolate Peanut Butter Pie

Just mention a chocolate and peanut butter dessert and people get giddy. This pie — with a chocolate crust, creamy peanut butter filling and chocolate ganache topping — lives up to the hype. GET THE RECIPE

5. Cheesecake Bars

Don’t have time to bake a cheesecake? No problem. These dense and creamy cheesecake bars with a brown sugar-graham cracker crust are not only a cinch to make, they rival the very best NY cheesecake out there. GET THE RECIPE

6. Flourless Chocolate Cake with Meringue Topping

A rich, fudgy slab of flourless chocolate cake topped with a light, marshmallowy meringue — this cake is as impressive as it is delicious. GET THE RECIPE

7. Luscious Lemon Squares

With a crisp and buttery shortbread crust, luscious lemon filling, and dusting of powdered sugar, these lemon squares are as pretty as they are delicious. They also freeze beautifully, so you can make them ahead of time and defrost as needed. GET THE RECIPE

8. Coconut Dream Pie

With a coconut-scented cookie crust and creamy coconut custard, all covered in a pillow of whipped cream and heaps of toasted coconut, this pie is truly dream-worthy. GET THE RECIPE

9. Double Chocolate Pavlova with Mascarpone Cream and Raspberries

A pavlova is a cake-shaped meringue with a soft and marshmallowy center and crisp outer shell, usually topped with whipped cream and fresh fruit. In this gorgeous chocolate version, cocoa powder and bittersweet chocolate are folded into the meringue and mascarpone cheese is added to the whipped topping. (Bonus: it’s gluten-free!) GET THE RECIPE

10. Bourbon-Brown Butter Pecan Pie

Made with dark brown sugar, golden syrup, brown butter, and a shot of bourbon, the pie is richer with a more complex praline flavor — and also less cloyingly sweet — than your typical pecan pie. GET THE RECIPE

11. Tres Leches Cake with Dulce de Leche Glaze

This light and fluffy cake, popular in Latin America, is soaked with a mixture of three milks: sweetened condensed milk, evaporated milk and heavy cream. In this version, rum is added to the soaking liquid and a simple rum-spiked dulce de leche glaze covers the cake. GET THE RECIPE

12. Irish Cream Tiramisu

This fun twist on tiramisu from one of my all-time favorite cookbooks, Nigella Express by Nigella Lawson, is a dinner party regular at my house. With layers of boozy, espresso-soaked lady fingers and light mascarpone cream, it’s surprisingly easy to make. GET THE RECIPE

13. Dark Chocolate Bread Pudding with Vanilla Ice Cream

Spiked with bourbon and studded with chunks of dark chocolate, this bread pudding is the ultimate comfort food. Top it with vanilla ice cream and it’s like a grown-up brownie sundae. GET THE RECIPE

14. Latin Flan

In Latin America, flan is made with sweetened condensed milk and evaporated milk, giving it an ultra-creamy, luxurious texture — like a cross between pudding and cheesecake. Since it’s prepared in a loaf pan rather than individual ramekins, and can be made up to four days ahead, it’s the perfect dinner party dessert. GET THE RECIPE

15. Molten Chocolate Cakes

Also known as chocolate lava cakes, these individual-sized treats have oozing molten centers. Since they can be prepared mostly ahead of time, they are wonderful for entertaining. GET THE RECIPE

16. Pumpkin Cheesecake with Gingersnap Crust and Caramel Sauce

After testing six different versions of pumpkin cheesecake, I came up with this surefire recipe. It’s a family favorite, and a welcome change from that tired ol’ pumpkin pie. GET THE RECIPE

17. Chocolate Cream Pie

With a dark chocolate cookie crust, silky chocolate pudding center and generous whipped cream topping, this pie is truly a chocolate lover’s dream. GET THE RECIPE

These 17 Photos Show Santas Spreading Joy Around The World

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A little girl hugs Hilton dos Santos, 84, in the Central Station of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on Dec. 15, 2017.

Santa Claus will soon be making his unbelievably fast trip around the world, delivering gifts to all of those children good enough to make his “nice” list.

In the meantime, people around globe have been celebrating their ideas of the man in red. From Finland’s Joulupukki to a sky-scraper bounding Santa in Berlin, it looks like the real Santa got a lot of great help this year. 

See the photos from around the world below.

  • Berlin, Germany
    JOHN MACDOUGALL via Getty Images
    A man dressed as Father Christmas aka Santa Claus poses on the top of the Kollhoff tower in front of a Berlin skyline, on Dec. 17, 2017, as part of a yearly stunt before the festive season.
  • Seoul, South Korea
    Chung Sung-Jun via Getty Images
    A diver wearing a Santa Claus costume swims in the tank at COEX Aquarium on Dec. 10, 2017, in Seoul, South Korea. 
  • Nairobi, Kenya
    YASUYOSHI CHIBA via Getty Images
    A participant in a Japanese singing contest wears an inflated costume of Santa Claus, on Dec. 9, 2017, at the Japan Information and Culture Center in Nairobi.
  • Leningrad Region, Russia
    Peter Kovalev via Getty Images
    Russia's Father Frost, left, and Joulupukki (Finnish Santa Claus) meet at Brusnichnoye crossing on the Russian-Finnish border. 
  • Glasgow, Scotland
    Jeff J Mitchell via Getty Images
    Over 8,000 members of the public take part in Glasgow, Scotland's annual Santa dash and make their way up St. Vincent Street, on Dec. 10, 2017.
  • Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
    MAURO PIMENTEL via Getty Images
    Hilton dos Santos, 84, is hugged by a little girl in the Central Station of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on Dec. 15, 2017. He has been dressing up as Santa Claus for the past five years, after attending a Santa Claus School.
  • Foshan, China
    VCG via Getty Images
    Trainees in Santa Claus outfits practice being Santa during a training course at Chuanlord Tourism & Leisure Expo Park on Dec. 8, 2017 in Foshan, China.
  • Sao Paulo, Brazil
    NurPhoto via Getty Images
    A Santa Claus rides a bike on Avenida Paulista, just a week ahead of Christmas in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
  • Venice, Italy
    Awakening via Getty Images
    Rowers dressed as Santa take part in the annual Father Christmas Regatta organized by University Ca' Foscari on the Grand Canal on Dec. 17, 2017, in Venice.
  • Pristina, Kosovo
    ARMEND NIMANI via Getty Images
    Runners dressed as Santa Claus take part in a charity race in Pristina, Kosovo, on Dec. 17, 2017, to raise funds for families in need.
  • Caracas, Venezuela
    FEDERICO PARRA via Getty Images
    A man dressed as Santa Claus is seen during the event 'Santa en las calles' in the streets of Caracas, Venezuela, on Dec. 16, 2017.
  • Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    MOHD RASFAN via Getty Images
    Performers clad in Santa Claus outfits dance at a shopping mall in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on Dec. 18, 2017.
  • Las Vegas, Nevada
    Bill Clark via Getty Images
    Rafael Evelio Sarabia, dressed as Santa Claus on horseback, waves to passing traffic along Las Vegas Bouelvard in Las Vegas on Dec. 16, 2017.
  • Rakvere, Western Estonia
    NurPhoto via Getty Images
    People dressed in Santa Claus costumes are seen during the 17th World Santa Clauses Summit parade held in Rakvere, Estonia, on Dec. 3, 2017.
  • Nice, France
    VALERY HACHE via Getty Images
    People dressed as Santa Claus take part in the traditional Christmas bath on Dec. 17, 2017, in the French riviera city of Nice.
  • Innsbruck, Austria
    Leonhard Foeger / Reuters
    A man dressed as Santa Claus buys a ticket at the Christmas market in Innsbruck, Austria, on Nov. 29, 2017.
  • Verbier, Switzerland
    FABRICE COFFRINI via Getty Images
    A person disguised as Santa Claus sits in the snow on the slope of the ski resort of Verbier, Switzerland, on Dec. 2, 2017.
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Off-Season Santas

Mariah Carey To Headline 'New Year's Rockin' Eve' Despite 2016 Fail

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Things didn't go well last year.

Mariah Carey, undeterred by last year’s performance, will take to the stage once again in Times Square to ring in the new year on live TV. 

The star, along with Dick Clark Productions, issued a joint statement on Friday announcing Carey as the headliner for “Dick Clark’s New Year’s Rockin’ Eve with Ryan Seacrest” broadcast. 

“We can all agree that last year didn’t go exactly as planned and we are thrilled to move forward together to provide America with an incredible night of music and celebration,” read the joint statement, obtained by Entertainment Weekly.

Last year, Carey’s performance was ridiculed as the star failed to sing for the majority of her set, instead pacing the stage and insisting to the audience that she couldn’t hear through her earpiece.

Carey’s manager blamed the production and technical difficulties that producers knowingly failed to fix. Dick Clark Productions called the accusations “outrageous and frankly absurd.” Carey eventually broke her silence on the troubled performance, saying she was “mortified” and that she intended to take a break from social media.

Now it seems as though everyone is ready to put the messy past behind them. Carey will join the likes of Britney Spears, Nick Jonas, Kelly Clarkson and Shawn Mendes as the world rings in 2018.

Carey’s forthcoming New Year’s Eve performance will top an already merry holiday season for the star. In addition to performing her annual Christmas tour, Carey’s famous single “All I Want For Christmas Is You” has been played more than 100 million times this month alone, according to Forbes.

“Dick Clark’s New Year’s Rockin’ Eve with Ryan Seacrest” will air on ABC at 8 p.m. on Sunday, Dec. 31.

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